Human capital factors that enhance sustainable strategic management practices for organizational resilience: A case of urban councils in Zimbabwe
Keywords:
Commitment; Competence; Economic; Environmental; Motivation; SocialAbstract
The continued service delivery challenges being experienced by local authorities, mainly in developing countries, is a cause for concern. This indicates a lack of or failure to adopt sustainable strategic management practices which are viewed as strategies for enhancing organizational resilience. This paper, therefore, explored the influence of human capital factors on the practice of sustainable strategic management necessary for organizational resilience focusing on urban councils in Zimbabwe. The study used the descriptive survey of the quantitative research approach. The population of the study involved all the 2931 managers and professional employees in the 32 urban councils in Zimbabwe. A sample of 344 employees was drawn from the population using Krejcie and Morgan sampling determination table. A Questionnaire was used in data collection and was subjected to Cronbach’s Alpha test for reliability while the Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) was used for measuring sampling adequacy. Employee competencies and motivation were found to be low while employee commitment was found to be moderate in urban councils of Zimbabwe. So, the weak organizational resilience of the majority of Zimbabwean urban councils as evidenced by poor performance in terms of service delivery, can be attributed to poor sustainable strategic management practices being caused by lack of consideration of human capital factors. In order to improve organizational resilience, urban councils in Zimbabwe are recommended to adopt effective sustainable strategic management practices through enhanced employee competencies, motivation and commitment. However, a further study is recommended on other factors affecting sustainable strategic management practices with a different methodology focusing on organizations in the private sector.
References
Ahmed, S.K. (2024). The Pillars of trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health, 2 (2024), 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051
AI-Shahwani, T.M. (2020). Impact of AMO enhancing Human Resource Management Practices on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Insurance Companies in Qatar. Management Sciences Letters, 10, 1827-1834
Alomran, M. (2019). Implementation of Strategic Management Practice in Healthcare Sector in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Administration Studies, 5(3), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.20409/ijbas.5.10003-3
Bagozzi, R.P and Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 16 (1), 74-94
Begiri, T. (2019). Empirical study on intrinsic motivation factors of employees in transition economies. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VII (4), 307-319
Chikukwa, T., Msosa, S.K. & Mlambo, C. (2020). Analyzing extrinsic rewards, employee motivation and organizational effectiveness in turbulent economic times: A case study of the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector. Quality Access to success, 21(179) /Dec 2020
Cioclov, R. & Lala-Popa, I. (2018). Strategic Management of Human resource. Motivation and Performance. The International Journal of Business Management and Technology 2(4), 1-9
Diaz-Fernandez, M., Lopez-Cabrales, A. & Valle-Cabrera, R. (2024). Sustainable Strategies, employee competencies and Social outcomes: are they aligned? International Journal of Manpower, 45(7), 1426-1449. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-02-2023-0066
Đorđević, B., Ivanović-Đukić, M., Lepojević, V. & Milanović, S. (2020). The impact of employees’ commitment on organizational performances. Strategic Management, 25 (3): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.5937/straman2003028d
Dίaz-Duarte, A.A., Purꝺn-Cid, G., Sainz-Santamaria, J.J. & Rivera-Martίnez, M.E. (2024). Circular economy in business, management, and accounting: A Bibliometric study of the construct. Scientia et PRAXIS, 4(7), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.55965/setp.4.07.a3
Elbanna, S., Al Katheeri, B. & Colak, M. (2020). The Harder firms practice strategic management, the better they are. Strategic Change, 2020:29: 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1002.jsc.2365
Eresia-Eke, C.E. & Soriakumar, A.D. (2021). Strategy Implementation Barriers and Remedies in Public Sector Organizations. African Journal of Public Affairs, 12(1), 47-62
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F., (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research. 18(1), 39-50.
Gloria, O.C., Ngozi, N.B. & Onyinyechukwu, O. (2020). Comparative study on Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (Susbsc) and Firm Value. The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 4(5), 235-246
Gregory, R. P., Stead, J. G. & Stead, E. (2021). The global pricing of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. Journal of sustainable finance & investment, 11(4), 310-329.
Hamidavi Nasab, Y., Amiri, M., Keyghobadi, A., Fathi Hafshejani, K. & Zandhessami, H. (2023). Identifying factors affecting organizational resilience: a meta-synthesis study. International Journal of Research in Industrial Engineering, 12(2), pp. 177-196. https://doi.org/10.22105/riej.2023.375356.1352
Hillmann, J. & Guenther, E. (2021). Organizational resilience: a valuable construct for management research? International Journal of Management Reviews, 23(1), 7–44. https://doi:10.1111/ijmr.12239
Kalogiannidis, S. (2021). Impact of employee motivation on organizational performance. A scoping review paper for public sector. The Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management, 8(3), 984-996
Krejcie, Robert, V. & Daryle, W. Morgan. (1970). ‘Determining sample size for research activities’. Educational and Psychological measurement 30.3: 607-610.
Kumari, k., Ali, S.B., Khan, N.N. & Abbas, J. (2021). Examining the role of motivation and reward in employees’ job performance through mediating effect of job satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10 (2021), 401-420
Lees, D. & Dhanpat, N. (2021). Relationship between manager credibility, strategic alignment and employee motivation. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 19 (0) a1517. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrmv19:01517
Lorincovӓ, S., Starchoń, P., Weberora, D., Hitka, M. & Lipoldovâ, M. (2019). Employee motivation as a tool to achieve sustainability of business processes. Sustainability 2019 (11) www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Loviscek, V. (2021). Triple Bottom Line toward a holistic framework for sustainability: A systematic review. Revista de Administraçάo Contemporάnea, 25(3), e200017. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2021200017.en
Miller, E.W. (2018). Non-Profit Strategic Revisited. Canadian Journal of Non-Profit and Social Economy Research, 9(2), 23-40
Moura, D. & Tomei, P. A. (2021). Strategic Management of Organizational Resilience (SMOR): A Framework Proposition. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 23(3), 536-556.
Mura, M., Longo, M., & Zanni, S. (2020). Circular economy in Italian SMEs: A multi-method study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245, 118821.
Murugi, N.C. & Ongoto, H.K. (2018). Strategic management practices and change implementation in selected public universities in Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(4), 124-149
Nkadimeng, M. N. (2019). The Role of Management Control on Service Delivery in Local Government: a case study of a South African Municipality. University of South Africa, Pretoria, http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25606
Nogueira, E., Gomes, S. & Lopes, J.M. (2022). The Key to Sustainable Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach. Resources,11(46). https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11050046
Nwachukwu, C., Chladkovӓ, H. & Olatunji, F. (2018). The relationship between employee commitment to strategy implementation and employee satisfaction. Trends Economics and Management, 31(1), pp. 45-56 https://dx.doi.org/10.13164/trends2018.31.45
Nyinyimbe, S.E. (2020). The Impact of employees’ motivation on organizational effectiveness. A case study of the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) at Kinondoni District COSTECH Integrated Repository. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11192/3792
Omondo, J., Onyango, M. & Museve, E. (2022). The effect of staff competency in strategy implementation on Water service provision in Kakamega County, Kenya. International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 4 (2022), 23-29
Pandisha, H.K., Kombe, W. & Kanyunze, K.A. (2022). Effectiveness of Strategic Management Practices on Governance of Local Government Authorities in Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Strategic management 7(3), 39-57.
Pereira, I. & Oliveira, C. (2020). Public Sector Sustainability in the Balanced Scorecard – A Portuguese City Council Case. E3S Web of Conferences, 208, 06017. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020806017
Rao, P.K. and Shukla, A. (2023). Sustainable strategic management: A bibliometric analysis. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(6), 3902-3914. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3344
Report of the Auditor-General for the financial year ended 31 December 2018 on Local Authorities presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe: 2019. (Available at https://www.auditorgeneral.gov.zw/downloads/category/4-local-authorities, accessed 28 December 2023).
Report of the Auditor-General for the financial year ended 31 December 2020 on Local Authorities presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe: 2022
Report of the Auditor-General for the financial year ended 31 December 2021 on Local Authorities presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe: 2022
Report of the Auditor-General for the financial year ended 31 December 2022 on Local Authorities presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe: 2023
Shahzad, M. A., Iqbal, T., Jan, N. & Zahid, M. (2022). The Role of Transformational Leadership On Firm Performance: Mediating Effect of Corporate Sustainability and Moderating Effect of Knowledge-Sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(26).
Sudiardhita, K.I.R., Mukhtar, S., Hartono, B., Herlitah, S.T. & Nikensari, S.I. (2018). Effect of Compensation, Motivation of Employee and Work Satisfaction to Employee Performance, P.T Bank XYZ (PERSERO) TBK. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17, 1-14. https://www.abacademies.org
Tawse, A. & Tabesh, P. (2020). Strategy implementation: A review and an introducing framework. European Management Journal, 1-11 www.elsevier.com/locate/emj
Taylor, T.K., Muwowo, F. & Phiri, Z.L. (2018). Constraining Factors on Realising strategic Plan Objectives by local Authorities in Zambia: Case of Kitwe City Council. Strategic Public Management Journal 4(7), 98-119. https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.433191
Truong, K. H. V. T., Huynh, V. P. & Nguyen, H. D. (2023). Corporate Strategy for Sustainability: Reflections of Prospective Entrepreneurs. Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), 17(2), 21-34.
