Review of Public Administration and Management

Evaluation of rural livelihood options for households in Zango local government area, Katsina state, Nigeria

Ahmed Ammani — 2023-06-05

Rural livelihood suffers serious neglect which makes availability of different options of economic activities to be chosen as a means of survival very insignificant which affect the livelihood of many households. This study examines the types of livelihood activities and factors affecting the choice of livelihood options among the households in the study area. It used quantitative method. A total of 400 respondents were sampled out using disproportional quota sampling for the interview and the data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the effects of demographic and social variables on the preferences of livelihood activities among the households. The result indicates that many livelihood options exist but farming related activities that constitute 57% livelihood activities among the respondents and the lowest livelihood activity people practiced are non-income related activities (fetching firewood and water, housekeeping and childcare) accounting for 7.5%. The findings shows that age, gender and designation of the households significantly determine the choice of government-based livelihood activity since the P-value is less than 0.05 (i.e., age (0.002), gender (0.03), designation (0.001)), while agricultural livelihood activity choice was significantly influence by gender and ethnicity with a P-values (0.000) which less than 0.05 as the odd reduce by a factor (0.667) and (0.131) with a unit increase respectively. This implies that not all demographic and social variables determine the choice of livelihood activities. However, the major challenges respondents’ experiences in the choice of livelihood options include lack of support from government and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO), lack of skills acquisitions centers, over reliance on irregular and low paying laborious daily wages as well as the farming activity is at subsistent level, they received low amount of annual rainfall, difficulties in getting fertilizer and improved seeds and among others. The study recommends that the government should provide skills acquisition centers, fertilizer, improved seeds, financial support, and technical support (agricultural extension workers) and other farm equipment’s to the households. The household should encourage by traditional rules and elides to get bank loans to improve their livelihood activities.

Security challenges in Nigeria and its effect on Nigeria`s foreign image. The Muhammadu Buhari administration

Alabi Abdullahi — 2023-06-05

The peace and prosperity of a state lie on so many factors ranging from international relationships, intra-relationship between and amongst its citizen, security, the judicious and economical management of scarce resources by the government along with the harmonious advancement in the various sectors of the nation. The level of insecurity in the country is fast rising and alarming. There are several security challenges which cut across the nooks and crannies of the country. The rate of violent crimes such as kidnapping, insurgency, terrorism, armed robbery and banditry, suicide bombing, religious killing ethnic clashes, politically motivated killing and other forms of criminal activities in the country is becoming increasingly regular occurrence that characterised life in the nation. The effect of these security challenges cannot be overemphasised as it effect cut across various sectors of the country which also transcends into the external image of the country. One of its effect which includes scaring away of foreign investors. This paper examine the effect of security challenges on the external image of the country. More, uses the constructivist theory to explain the relationship between the foreign image and security. The paper more so, identified various reasons to be the cause of insecurity in Nigeria ranging from the porous border of the country ethno religious crisis, mismanagement of scarce resources and recommend conscious efforts in tackling grassroots threats before they become national disasters. The paper sourced its material from various secondary materi1als.

Implementation of open grasing prohibition policy and management of farmers/herdsmen conflict in Ebonyi state: Troubles and solutions

Arinze Samuel Nwovu — 2023-06-05

This study examined the issues confronting how implementation of open grasing prohibition policy affects the management of farmers/herdsmen conflict in Ebonyi state. The study adopted cross sectional and explorative research design using questionnaire (140) and Key Informant Interviews with farmers and herdsmen as participants. Anchored on Frustration-Anger-Aggression theory, the study identified some issues as reasons for the escalation of the conflict and its effect on social economic development of the people. While the state government strategies in managing the conflict was applauded by theboth parties, implementing the open grasing prohibition policy of the state government was challenged by allegations of partiality, violence and reprisal attack and poor attendance of the herdsmen to peace committee dialogue meetings. To manage the situation, the study recommended that there is the need to expand the composition of the arbitration team to include representative of other associations, interest groups and institutions to be able to determine adequate compensation value for damages done to both parties. Again, the herdsmen should be restricted to grasing at a designated area with, adequate notice of meeting been provided for the herdsmen to enable them regularly attend meeting of peace committee to be able to know the decisions of government.

Academic corruption and sexual misconducts: implications for Nigeria’s tertiary institutions of learning

Dobi Promise Iloerunachi — 2023-06-05

Quality tertiary education is at the heart of the development of any nation. This paper examined academic corruption and sexual misconducts in Nigeria’s tertiary institutions of learning with the aim of detecting their root causes, negative effects and providing panacea to them. It reviewed existing literature and adopted a deterrence approach as its theoretical framework of analysis while using desk analysis technique. The paper, through the use of secondary sources of data discussed in details the manifestations of academic corruption such as plagiarism, admission fraud, cheating and causes of academic corruption and sexual misconducts. The study revealed that students and teaching and non-teaching staff of tertiary institutions of learning in Nigeria are deeply involved in academic corruption and sexual misconducts. The implications of Academic Corruption and Sexual Misconducts effects of these corrupt practices include diminished global competitiveness, stunted technological innovations, ridiculed professional excellence, inability to launch into global scientific map, bastardisation of educational standards, emergence of intellectuals with the burden of character deficits and relegation of academic certificates issued by Nigeria’s tertiary institutions of learning amongst others. It concluded by stating the stark reality of compromised academic integrity in Nigeria’s tertiary institutions of learning. It recommended value reorientation, appointment of professors and senior non-academic staff with uncompromising integrity as Certificates Screening Committee Members, use of preventive technology and dispassionate enforcement of global academic standards amongst others.

Applicability of the theory of obligation in the humanitarian aid management of covid19 in Nigeria

Cordelia Beauty Uwamusi — 2023-06-05

Theory of obligation is a moral philosophy that highlights the importance of fulfilling our duties and responsibilities towards others. In the context of humanitarian aid management of COVID-19 in Nigeria, the theory of obligation is highly applicable as it stresses the duty of individuals and organisations to provide aid and support to those in need during times of crisis. In Nigeria, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant humanitarian challenges, including health crises, economic downturns, and social upheavals. To address these challenges, humanitarian aid organisations have been working tirelessly to provide relief to affected communities. Theory of obligation can guide the actions of these organisations by emphasising the need to fulfill their duty to help those in need. Furthermore, the Theory of Obligation can also guide individuals in Nigeria in fulfilling their moral responsibilities towards others. By recognising the obligation to provide aid and support during times of crisis, individuals can work together to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on their communities. Overall, the Theory of Obligation is a relevant and valuable framework for guiding the humanitarian aid management of COVID-19 in Nigeria. By emphasising the importance of fulfilling our moral duties and responsibilities towards others, the Theory of Obligation can help promote a culture of empathy and compassion during times of crisis.

Effect of e-governance on employee service delivery of staff of Anambra state civil service commission Awka

Emmanuella Chukwukamma Enwelu — 2023-06-05

The emergence of e-governance is expected to make work routines and proper documentation of official records easier and less cumbersome. With e-governance, information sharing, consultation, citizen’s participation, sending feedback to the citizens, monitoring and evaluating government projects and making government accountable and transparent is facilitated. This study examined the effect of e-governance on employee service delivery in Anambra State Civil Service Commission, Awka. The study was anchored on technology determinism theory. The study was guided by three research questions and hypotheses. The study adopted the survey design. It relied on primary and secondary data, and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample population. The data collected were presented in frequency table and simple percentage. T-test statistical technique was used with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to test the research hypotheses.Findings of the study show that e-governance facilities are available for use in Anambra State Civil Service Commission, Awka. It also discovered that the use of electronic governance improve accessibility to government information service delivery in Anambra State Civil Service Commission, Awka. The study therefore recommend that government should create opportunity for public sector employees in Nigeria to own computers and be ICT literate and made compulsory to upgrade the skill and abilities of the civil servants. Agencies like the National orientation Agency (NOA) and the Nigeria ICT Development Agency (NITDA) should organize regular workshops to enlighten public officials and sensitize the populace on the advantages and importance of ICT. Government should make policies by ensuring that computers, communication equipment and other information technology infrastructures are manufacture in the country, so that the people can have quick access to it at cheap and affordable price and make computer literacy a compulsory criterion for employment in the public service.

Dynamic interaction between natural resources and financial development in Nigeria: A disaggregated approach

Muhammed Shamwil — 2023-06-05

This study examined the dynamic interaction between disaggregated natural resource rents on financial development in Nigeria during the period 1980–2019. The study applied both traditional and modern unit root tests that accounts for structural breaks to examine the properties of the variables. The study also employed Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. The results indicated the presence of long run equilibrium relationship among the variables of the study. The results from both the long run and shortrun analysis revealed that oil and natural gas rents negatively affect financial development in Nigeria, thereby supporting resource curse hypothesis. However, the findings in respect of forest rent, mineral rent, institutional quality, economic growth and coal rents revealed a positive and insignificant impact on financial development in the longrun, opposing the resource curse hypothesis, while in the shortrun, economic growth, mineral and coal rents affect financial development negatively. The policy implication of the findings is that, different types of natural resource rents have different impact on Nigeria's financial development as evidenced in this study. It may be deduced from the fact that most of the resource rents sourced from the oil and natural gas resources have not been used judiciously during the period under study, hence the adverse effect on the nation's financial development. The study therefore recommends that, government should use the natural resource rents judiciously in order to stimulate growth, which will translate into financial development of the country. This is achievable through reinvesting the proceeds in other sectors of the economy that are growth enhancing such as the financial and manufacturing sectors of the economy.

An X-ray of customers satisfaction perception of public private partnerships services in Nigeria power sector: Implication for service delivery and sustainable development

Ifeoma L. Nnaji — 2023-06-05

This qualitative study titled “An x-ray of Customers Satisfaction Perception of Public Private Partnerships Services in Nigeria Power Sector: Implication for Service Delivery and Sustainable Development”, examined the effectiveness and efficiency of the Public Private Partnerships framework for delivering sustainable economic development in Nigeria using the gauge of customers satisfaction ratings. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and Focused Group Discussion and were analyzed through thematic framework. The findings revealed perennial cold-war between EEDC and the Electricity Customers over claims of unsatisfactory service experiences within the PPP framework; to the effect that much has not changed from what obtained during the era of the defunct Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). To improve the performances of the EEDC and customer satisfaction, the study recommends that EEDC should recruit, train and retrain field workers on professional best practices, shun opportunity to extort the public, eliminate estimated billing system, design a robust feedback mechanism, leverage community resources, among other recommendations.

Budgeting as a tool for effective management control in the Nigerian immigration service

Melody Mmesoma Nwaokike — 2023-06-05

This research work examined Evaluation of budgeting as a tool for effective management control in the Nigerian Immigration Service: A study of Nigerian Immigration service, Anambra State. The study specifically examined the extent to which budget execution affects accountability in Immigration Services of Anambra State, the extent to which budget monitoring affects transparency in Immigration Services of Anambra State, the nature of relationship between budget authorization and positive service delivery. In line with the above objectives, the study developed three research questions and hypotheses. Data for the study was collected using primary and secondary methods of data collection, for the primary data collection questionnaire was used while existing literature relevant to the topic was consulted for the secondary data. The population of the study is made up of four hundred and thirty-seven (437) cadre of staff of Immigration Service of Anambra State, a sample size of two hundred and nine (209) was determined by the use of Taro Yamane’s statistical formula, the 5-pointlikert scale was used for data analysis while Simple regression and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used to test the formulated hypotheses. The study discovered that there was significant effect of budget execution on accountability; it was also observed that there is significant effect of budget monitoring on transparency. The study further showed that there was significant relationship between budget authorization and positive service delivery. Based on the findings, the research recommends that in order to improve the budgetary process, realistic and achievable targets need to be set based on accurate data. Also, the use of multiple budgeting approaches to avoid rigid budgetary processes and stakeholders need to be involved in the budgetary process to ensure that the budget is aligned with the goals and objectives of the organization. The study also recommends that organizations should leverage on technology to improve the budgeting process. This will help organizations maximize the benefits of budgeting.

Response of the Nigerian stock market to changes in selected macroeconomic variables (1999 -2021)

Obaima Ateibueri Arikekpar — 2023-06-05

The study examined the effect of macroeconomic variables on the stock market performance in Nigeria from 1999 to 2021 using the Auto Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) of Multiple Regression. Market capitalization (MCAP), aggregate spending (AGS), money supply (MS), the exchange rate (EXR), inflation rate (INF), and interest rate (INT) data were sourced from the CBN Annual report. ARDL cointegration bound test and error correction model estimation techniques were employed. The findings of the ARDL revealed that the exchange rate, interest rate, and money supply were all significantly related to market capitalization in Nigeria at 5% levels of significance, while aggregate spending was insignificant. The results also concurred with the a priori expectations as the inflation rate showed a negative effect on the stock market performance. The study concluded that there exists a long-run relationship between macroeconomic variables and market capitalization in Nigeria,and recommended that the Nigerian government should foster economic policy capable of ensuring stability in the stock market as it has a commensurate effect on the general growth of the economy.

Generation revenue and local government service delivery in Njikoka and Nnewi north local government areas of Anambra state

Anayo Emmanuel Okpalaeke — 2023-06-05

This work examined revenue generation and development of local government areas in Anambra State. A study of Njikoka and Nnewi South Local Government Areas. The study was anchored on the structural functionalism theory propounded by Albert Bandura in 1986. The survey research design was adopted in the study. The research instrument was structured questionnaire designed in line with objectives of the study using the likert five-point scale while the T-test statistical tool was used in testing the hypotheses. The population covers 2780 staff of Njikoka and Nnewi South Local government councils from where a sample size of 350 was drawn using the Taro Yarmeni formular. The findings of the study showed that lack of financial autonomy, and ineffective financial control mechanisms constitute a cog on the wheel of development of Njikoka and Nnewi south local government areas and also impede service delivery. In line with the above findings, it is therefore recommended that Internal financial control mechanisms should be strengthened to ensure compliance with Financial Memoranda (FM) and other financial regulations. More revenue sources should be identified and adopted in other to increase the revenue base of the local councils while the existing ones should be judiciously harnessed, properly managed and accounted for by the local government leadership.

Performance appraisal and employee service delivery in Anambra state civil service (2007-2020)

Henry Ugochukwu Ifeanyidike — 2023-06-05

This study sought to investigate performance appraisal and employee service delivery in Anambra State Civil Service (2007-2020). Specifically, this study examined the effect appraisal non acceptability, reward, time management and, quality of work on delivery. A survey research design was employed while secondary data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The population of this study comprised of 1139 civil servants in 13 selected public offices in Awka South, Anambra state. From the thirteen (13) public government ministries identified in the area, eight (8) were selected for the study, and twenty (20) respondents were selected randomly from each of the ministries making a total of one hundred (160) respondents (cross-sectional). The researcher used t-test in analyzing the data collected. The findings reveal that civil servants have positive attitude towards appraisal as a process of service delivery, it also shows that reward resulting from appraisal affects civil servants service delivery in the study area. It was recommended that Government should endeavor to provide adequate payments of promotion arrears to civil servants to boost their morale for effective service delivery. There is also a need to expose civil servants to conferences and seminars to acquire modern techniques of effective service delivery.

Manpower training and service delivery in Onitsha north and south local government areas of Anambra state, 2014 - 2022

Chineze Margaret Ezefibe — 2023-06-05

This study investigated manpower training and service delivery in Onitsha North and South local government areas of Anambra State. The motivation for this study is to establish the relationship between manpower training and service delivery in the local government system of Nigeria. To this end, the specific objectives of the study were as follows; to examine the nature of relationship between manpower training and service quality in Onitsha North and South Local Government Areas; to ascertain the relationship between manpower training and employee commitment in Onitsha North and South Local Government Areas and to determine relationship between manpower training and service culture in Onitsha North and South Local Government Areas. Based on the above objectives, three research questions and hypotheses were formulated and tested for the study. Relevant literatures were thoroughly reviewed and the study was anchored on the Reinforcement theory. Data were collected from a sample size of 293, drawn from a population of 1100 using the Taro Yamane formula. The data collected were presented using simple percentage and the hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation statistical tool at 95 percent confidence level and 5 percent level of significance. The study found out that manpower training has a significant positive relationship with service quality in Onitsha North and South Local Government Areas. The study also found that manpower training has a significant positive relationship with employee commitment in Onitsha North and South Local Government Areas The study therefore, recommends that local government should place greater emphasis on staff training to ensure optimum performance as at when required.

Retirement planning and management of post-retirement adjustment of retirees in Nigeria: South-east in perspective

B. C Nwankwo — 2023-06-05

Retirement planning is ideally a life-long process and it is the best way to ensure a safe, secure and fulfilled retirement. However, in Nigeria especially Southeast geopolitical zone, potential retirees hardly plan towards retirement. To this end, it became necessary to examine the likely effects of retirement planning on the management of post-retirement adjustment of potential retirees in South – East Nigeria. Descriptive Survey research method was adopted for the study. The study’s population of 13,326 was considered too large; and as such the statistical tool ofKrejcie and Morgan (1970) formula was used to obtain the sample size of 373. The study found that there is a very strong positive relationship between retirement planning and management of post-retirement adjustment challenges of potential retirees in South East Nigeria, by the correlation coefficient of 0.957 and it is significant because the p-value (0.045) is less than the significant level (0.05) at 2-tailed test. In conclusion, those who still have many years in service can still prepare for a happy retirement by adopting the strategies which bothers on adequate planning. It recommended that potential retirees should be encouraged to invest in assets and financial instruments so that at retirement they can earn additional income from these assets and financial instruments to supplement their pension income at retirement.

School children abduction in Nigeria: Implication for educational development in northern Nigeria

Frederick Ogbeide — 2023-06-05

The study examines school children abduction in Nigeria and its implication for the educational development in northern Nigeria. The main objectives are to examine the effects of school children abduction on the educational development of the Nigerian child as well as the implications of school children abduction on the educational development in northern Nigeria. The study adopts a qualitative approach and relied on data collected through secondary source. The work is situated on Queer Ladder Theory (QLT) propounded by Daniel Bell (1919–2011), an American sociologist, who tend to explain the instrumental nature of organized crime as a desperate method of socioeconomic empowerment and social advancement. The study revealed that between 2014 and 2021, gunmen kidnapped over 1,500 students, mostly girls, and about 1,280 teachers and pupils have died and over 1,400 schools have been destroyed. The study also revealed the effects of school children adoption to include: reductions in teacher recruitment, falls in student enrollment and lowered rates of transition to higher education levels. The implication is that it will lead to lack of foreign investment in the education, decline in the national economy; a negative image of the nation; and a decrease in the passion and interest of Nigerian children in education. It therefore recommended among other things adequate security for schools in the region, combating of banditry with all seriousness and surveillance of schools in the northern part. The study concludes that kidnapping of schoolchildren in Northern Nigeria had a profoundly detrimental impact on the region's educational advancement.

Intergovernmental fiscal relations and service deliver in Ebonyi state local government system in Nigeria, 2005 - 2018

Johnmary Ebube Akwuaka — 2023-06-05

The study examines the effects of intergovernmental fiscal relations on service delivery, focusing on the Ebonyi state local government system 2005-2018. The issues investigated in this study are mainly on state-local government’s relationship as it affects the finances of the Ebonyi state local government system. To this end, two specific objectives were formulated for the study, which are, to investigate how revenue sharing has affected service delivery at the grassroots level in Ebonyi state; and to determine the effect of state’s utilization of financial resources of local government on service delivery in Ebonyi State local government system. In line with the objectives of the study, two research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The doctrine of Separation of power was adopted as the theoretical framework. The methodology adopted was the descriptive survey while Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size. Findings from the study reveal, among others, that Revenue sharing has an effect on service delivery at the grassroots level and that state’s utilization of financial resources of LG have effects on service delivery in Ebonyi state local government system. Conclusion made from the findings was that the local government system of Ebonyi state and indeed, Nigeria, will continue to underperform until higher levels of government – state and federal governments – reduce drastically or eliminate totally their overbearing influences and interferences that is, in the view of this study, limiting the latent abilities and potentials of the Nigerian local government system to effectively deliver essential services to the people at the grassroots level. From the conclusion, it was recommended an upward review of the 20 percent allocation of revenue to the local government from the federation account and 10 percent internally generated revenue from the state government. It is hoped that with additional revenue allocated to the local government, they will be empowered to do more for the local people within their domain.

Financial performance, liquidity and sustainability reporting: The Nigerian evidence

Stanley Chinonso Nnedu — 2023-06-05

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of financial performance and liquidity on sustainability reporting of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study was quantitative and the expo facto research design was used, and data were collected from annual reports and accounts of ten (10) quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria over a period of five (5) years (2017 – 2021). The study employed the panel regression models in analyzing the data obtained. The findings of the research indicated that financial performance and liquidity have a significant effect on the sustainability reporting of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concluded that financial performance and liquidity play a vital role in the level of sustainability reporting of manufacturing firms. This study recommended that organizations should constantly monitor and measure their financial strength and liquidity level which is a key determinant of robust sustainability reporting.

Social capital investment and rural poverty reduction in Kogi state (2012-2022)

Japhet Noah Omaye — 2023-06-05

This study measured the social capital investment of households in rural kogi state and new ways that social capital investment of households could be strengthened, increased and used for rural poverty reduction in kogi state. The study used analyses of variance to test whether poor households in rural kogi state have inventory of social capital investment for rural poverty reduction. The analyses indicated that poor households in rural kogi state have; inventory of structural and cognitive social capital, diversified sources that provides access to structural social capital and over ninety percent of the rural households in Kogi State are in a position to increase their social capital investment. The findings implied that giving the high level of poverty ravaging these rural households, it’s imperative for the government and all development stakeholders to increase their use of these stock of social capital in tackling rural poverty in the state. This may begin with existing social capital networks that can then be used for other purposes. NGOs and other poverty reduction organizations should adopt the use of groups and networks in the implementation of their programmes in the rural communities; this will help to increase the level of participation and trust in the groups and networks. It is further recommended that government and other development actors pay significant attention to developing the local leadership capacity of existing community groups and networks; this will increase their capacity to identify, harness and utilize the stock of social capital existing in their communities to improve the wellbeing of the rural households while using bottom-top approach in the design and implementation of rural poverty reduction programmes.

Ethical practices and employee performance of federal inland revenue service

Afah Adaeze Glory — 2023-06-05

Ethics and employee performance are closely linked in many organizational contexts, including the public sector. In Nigerian public organizations like the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), ethical practices have been a concern due to alleged widespread corruption and other unethical behaviours prevalent in the organisations. However, the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) has always recognized the place of quality service delivery to all Nigerians, especially to taxpayers and other stakeholders. The current state of ethical practice in FIRS has been a concern for many years. Despite codes of conduct and anti-corruption laws, reports of corruption, unethical practices, and abuse of power by public officials are still prevalent in the organisation. Furthermore, there is a lack of training and capacity building for public officials on ethical conduct and anti-corruption measures. This lack of knowledge and skills often leads to unethical behaviour and corrupt practices. Thus, the study aimed at examining the effect of ethical practices on employee performance of the Federal lnland Revenue Services (2015-2021). Four hypotheses were formulated and tested, while the institutional theory by John Meyer and Brain Rowan was adopted as a theoretical framework of analysis. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study and the study population comprised the staff of the Federal lnland Revenue Services, MSTO Onitsha. Descriptive analysis was used due to numerical data gathered and the t-test was used to test the hypotheses, and in working out the t-test statistics, the value obtained was compared with the critical value. Among the findings of the study is that ethical practices are important for improving employee performance in Nigerian public organizations. Among others, the study recommended that there is a need for the government to actively enforce ethical practices in the Federal lnland Revenue Service.

Evaluating the socio-economic implications of inter-communal conflicts between farmers and herders on food security in Nigeria

Ebelechukwu R. Okonkwo — 2023-06-05

This study aims to evaluate the socio-economic implications of inter-communal conflicts between farmers and herdsmen on food security in Nigeria. The ongoing clashes between these two groups have had a significant impact on the nation's food production and availability, leading to food scarcity in some areas. The conflicts arise from competition over scarce resources such as water and grazing lands. The study reviews existing literature on the subject and identifies the causes and consequences of these conflicts. It also explored the implications of the conflicts for small-scale farmers and food security in Nigeria. The study adopts a political ecology theoretical framework to examine the complex interplay between political, economic, and social forces in the context of environmental issues and transformations. The researcher found that the socio-economic implications of inter-communal conflicts between farmers and herders include loss of lives, properties, and food security, displacement, poverty, economic losses, decline in GDP, increased tensions, and environmental impacts such as soil damage and water pollution. Based on the above findings, the researchers recommended that Sustainable grazing practices can improve crop productivity and plant reproduction by reducing soil damage caused by livestock. Religious organizations should promote peace and coexistence to prevent conflicts between different denominations, particularly between Muslim herders and Christian farmers. The government should provide insurance for rural farmers affected by crop damage and take legal action against perpetrators to deter similar acts.

Working conditions and job satisfaction in a manufacturing organisation: a study of glaxosmithkline consumer Nigeria PLC

Ayodele Anthony Ajala — 2023-06-05

This study investigated the effect of working conditions on job satisfaction in a manufacturing organisation: a study of GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Nigeria PLC. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between the availability of hours for work and employee’s productivity at GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Nigeria PLC, and to determine the effect of workload and employee’s performance at GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Nigeria PLC. The study also examined the effect of occupational safety and health(OSH) on employee’s outcomes at GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Nigeria PLC. 83 copies of questionnaire were correctly filled, returned and found useful for this analysis using simple random technique. The research instruments were validated using content validity, while the reliability was ascertained using the internal consistency approach. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of Pearson Correlation. The study found out that there was correlational link between independent variables (that is, hours for work, workload, occupational safety and health) and employee’s productivity, employee’s performance and employee’s outcomes. The paper therefore recommended that organisations should create policies for their workplaces that address working conditions and worker satisfaction, and then ensure that they are properly followed. GlaxoSmithKline should provide employees with enabling, safe and healthy working environment, as this will help them to do their jobs effectively and efficiently. It will also enhance employee retention.It is important to note that Improved working conditions would translate into improved safety at work, less occupational stress, with provision of adequate protective equipment, friendly work hours and rooms to negotiate overtime and a means to re-assess issues surrounding workloads.

Beyond flooding: Exploring the implications of Fulani pastoralists/farmers conflict for sustainable development goal 2 in Nigeria

Chinedu Valentine OFOMA — 2023-06-05

The continuous prevalence of undernourishment, hunger and starvation in Nigeria has raised a serious question about the effectiveness of measures adopted by the government at all levels in tackling these challenges which will result to the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 2. The prevailing elucidation for these challenges around SDG 2 in Nigeria is drawn on “flooding” theory whose proponents suggest that the factors undermining various strategies adopted to achieve SDG 2 in the country are traceable to flooding and recommend for spatial planning as a suitable FRM method, to elicit more decisive actions by the government in order to mitigate the flooding threat. However, this article goes beyond this dominant view to interrogate the impact of Fulani pastoralists/ farmers conflict on SDG 2 in Nigeria. The article shifts away to a reasonable extent from the above common perspective and argues that the Fulani pastoralists/farmers conflict is a prominent security threat in Nigeria which has the most far reaching effect on Sustainable Development Goal 2. The flooding thesis proponents ignore the centrality of peaceful atmosphere in every society which is most critical to any agenda such as Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, this article contends that solving the problem of flooding alone in Nigeria would not result to the realization of SDG 2; that the conflict between Fulani pastoralists and farming communities is the topmost priority which requires urgent attention in order to achieve SDG 2 in Nigeria. As a panacea, the article recommends among others for decentralization of security governance by way of devolution.